Common Causes and Symptoms
Different viruses can cause upper respiratory infections (URIs), but they typically result in similar symptoms: cough, runny nose, sore throat, fever, muscle aches, and sometimes vomiting or diarrhea Coughing helps the virus spread to other people, which is why it’s important to cover your cough with the crook of your elbow.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Children typically get three to five URIs per year, each lasting about 10-14 days. If symptoms gradually improve, there’s usually no need to see a healthcare provider. However, certain symptoms warrant medical attention:
- Severe cough
- Wheezing
- Fever lasting more than two to three days
- Difficulty breathing (shortness of breath, using chest muscles to breathe, strange noises when inhaling or exhaling)
- Signs of serious illness (decreased drinking, persistent vomiting, decreased urination)
- A viral illness that suddenly worsens after initial improvement
- Or the presence of symptoms that seem concerning to you as a parent or guardian
Preventing Serious Illness
Respiratory illnesses are common in the fall and winter. Illnesses like the flu, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the common cold, and COVID-19 will increase during the cold months. Of the many common causes of a cough, the flu can present more severely in young children, senior citizens and those with weakened immune systems.
The influenza vaccine is effective at preventing the flu, so it’s important to get vaccinated every year. By understanding the causes and appropriate treatments for coughs, especially during the winter months, can help you manage symptoms and know when to seek medical help.
Home Treatment for URIs
Most URIs can be treated at home with simple remedies:
- Fluids and Rest: Staying hydrated and getting rest is crucial.
- Medications: Using acetaminophen or ibuprofen as directed for fever or discomfort.
- Humidifiers: Using a humidifier can help ease symptoms.
It’s important to note that over-the-counter cough medicines are generally not recommended for children due to potential side effects and lack of effectiveness compared to home remedies. If you choose to use an over-the-counter medicine, read the label carefully to avoid doubling up on medications, as many cough and cold medicines contain acetaminophen (Tylenol).
